Abstract In order to obtain the extraction process of defatted walnut powder (DWP), an ultrasound-assisted extraction based on artificial neural network was established, and the activity of the extract was evaluated. The artificial neural network (ANN) was used to model different parameters, including the yield of extraction, the concentrations of glansreginin A and ellagic acid, and obtained the optimal extraction process: solvent to material ratio of 9.5 mL/g, ethanol concentration of 68%, extraction period of 55 min, and extraction three times. Then, the antioxidant scavenging ability of DWP obtained by ANN was compared with other extraction methods. The results showed that DWP extracted by artificial neural network demonstrated good activity in scavenging DPPH and ABTS radicals.

Abstract Walnut kernel, the mature seed of Juglans regia L. recorded in the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, is a functional food riched in nutrients. Defatted walnut powder extract (DWPE), the residues of walnut kernel extracted for oil, has the effect on hypertriglyceridemia. However, the extract role and mechanism of it in hyperlipidemic acute pancreatitis research have not been elucidated. Thus, this paper aimed at exploring whether it could alleviate hyperlipidemic acute pancreatitis and further demonstrating the underlying mechanisms. The model was established by high-fat diet and intraperitoneal injection of L-arginine. After treatment with DWPE, the levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol of rats were significantly decreased when compared with model group. In addition, on the basis of hyperlipidemia-intensified L-arginine-induced accelerated blood lipid levels in rats, DWPE notably attenuated the pancreatic and hepatic pathological lesions. Furthermore, the levels of amylase, lipase and TNF-α were markedly decreased in the medication administration group. Therefore, DWPE would have a preventive effect on the progress of hyperlipidemic acute pancreatitis to a certain extent through reducing pancreatic cell injury, pancreatic oxidative stress level, and the levels of pancreatic digestive enzymes and inflammatory factors.

Tuberculosis (TB) services in China are provided through a large network of TB dispensaries. Even though hospitals are not as well placed to follow recommended standards of TB care, a significant proportion of people with TB symptoms seek care from hospitals. In spite of having a policy and mandate in place, the Ministry of Health had little success in encouraging hospitals to refer suspected TB cases to dispensaries. Following the epidemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome in 2003, the government set up a nationwide Internet-based communicable diseases reporting system. This achieved productive collaboration between hospitals and TB dispensaries. From 2004 to 2007, the percentage of TB suspects and patients needing referral from hospitals who arrived in TB dispensaries increased substantially from 58.7% to 77.8% and the contribution of hospitals to diagnosing sputum smear-positive TB cases doubled from 16.3% to 32.9%. Using the Internet-based reporting system, hospitals in China contributed to finding about one third of all sputu m smear-positive TB cases and helped meet the global TB control target of detecting 70% of such cases. Based on the data available from routine surveillance facilitated by this Internet-based system, this paper details the process and outcomes of strengthening collaboration between hospitals and TB dispensaries using the Internet as a tool and its potential application to other country settings.

Los servicios de atención sanitaria de la tuberculosis (TB) en China se proporcionan a través de una amplia red de dispensarios especializados. Aunque los hospitales no están incluidos en las normas asistenciales recomendadas para la tuberculosis, una proporción considerable de personas con síntomas de tuberculosis acuden a ellos. A pesar de haber dispuesto una normativa y una orden al respecto, el Ministerio de Sanidad no había conseguido que los hospitales remitieran los casos sospechosos de tuberculosis a los dispensarios. A raíz de la epidemia de síndrome respiratorio agudo y grave de 2003, el gobierno creó un sistema nacional de notificación de enfermedades transmisibles a través de Internet, que consiguió que los hospitales y los dispensarios de atención de la tuberculosis desarrollaran una colaboración fructífera. Entre 2004 y 2007, el porcentaje de casos posibles o confirmados de tuberculosis derivados de los hospitales que accedieron a los dispensarios de tuberculosis aumentó considerablemente, del 58,7% al 77,8%, y la contribución de los hospitales para el diagnóstico de los casos de TB con baciloscopias positivas se duplicó del 16,3% al 32,9%. Gracias a la utilización del sistema de notificación a través de Internet, los hospitales de China han contribuido en la detección de aproximadamente un tercio de todos los casos de TB con baciloscopias positivas y han ayudado a cumplir el objetivo mundial de control de la tuberculosis, esto es, detectar el 70% de los casos. Basándose en los datos disponibles de vigilancia sistemática facilitados por este sistema basado en Internet, este artículo detalla el proceso y los resultados de la consolidación de la colaboración entre los hospitales y los dispensarios de tuberculosis que utilizan Internet como herramienta fundamental, así como su posible aplicación a otros países.

En Chine, les services de traitement de la tuberculose (TB) sont fournis par un large réseau de dispensaires de TB. Même si les hôpitaux ne sont pas bien placés pour suivre les normes recommandées en matière de soins de la TB, une part importante de personnes présentant les symptômes de la TB cherche à se faire soigner dans les hôpitaux. Bien que le ministère de la Santé dispose d'une politique et d'un mandat, il n'a que très peu réussi à encourager les hôpitaux à signaler les suspicions de TB aux dispensaires. Suite à l'épidémie du syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère (SRAS) en 2003, le gouvernement a mis en place un système de notification des maladies par Internet à l'échelle nationale. Ce système a permis d'obtenir une collaboration productive entre les hôpitaux et les dispensaires de TB. De 2004 à 2007, le pourcentage de suspicions et de cas avérés de TB nécessitant une orientation des patients des hôpitaux vers les dispensaires de TB a considérablement augmenté de 58,7 à 77,8%. De plus, la contribution des hôpitaux dans le diagnostic des cas de TB à frottis d'expectoration positifs a doublé, passant de 16,3 à 32,9%. En utilisant un système de notification par Internet, les hôpitaux chinois ont contribué à détecter environ un tiers de tous les cas de TB à frottis d'expectoration positifs et ont permis de répondre à l'objectif de contrôle de la TB global, qui est d'identifier 70% de ces cas. Reposant sur les données disponibles de la surveillance continue facilitée par ce système Internet, cet article décrit en détail le processus et les résultats d'une collaboration renforcée entre les hôpitaux et les dispensaires de TB qui utilisent Internet comme un outil ainsi que son application potentielle aux situations des autres pays.